. . . was a second, and more serious attempt at a Christmas song after a lame attempt at a Santa Claus novelty tune in the late 80s. The lyrics of Cheer are a cynical (surprise!) look at the celebration but I wanted the music to be a-seasonal. The structure and the changes are much like a 1040s pop song and the Ab key signature makes it a challenging but fun improvisational outing.
(http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/trump-challenged-about-putin-says-our-country-s-so-innocent-n716906)
". . . When O'Reilly said "Putin's a killer," Trump responded: "There are a lot of killers. We've got a lot of killers. What, do you think our country's so innocent?". . ."
Sometimes the story behind a song, speaking strictly of MY songs, is not much of a story. 'Caught' is one such song. There are times when I must force myself to write a song, or to finish a song, or take the initiative to create something new, at least something with a bit of structure. 'Caught' was inspired by the music of a local, original group which features tight, percussive acoustic guitar and lots of percussion, somewhat reminiscent of Ani DiFranco's music. The phrase 'caught in the crosshairs', which opens the song, sounded 'tough' and fit rhythmically with the type of song I wanted to write. The lyrics developed into a reflection on 'the drama of life'. Of course I always take the opportunity to provide myself some freedom to improvise within a 'welcoming' (meaning chord progression) environment. A loose version of the tune is here for you to hear. . .
'President-elect Donald Trump's nominee for education secretary told lawmakers at her confirmation hearing that guns might have a place in schools due to the threat from grizzly bears.'
. . . you have to pass entrance exams in order to enter college, where you will learn, why is there no entrance exam for you to pass in order to take charge of a country commonly known as 'the leader of the free world'? The only requirement, it appears, is enough money to gain the attention of mass media. . .
(from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_admission_tests_to_colleges_and_universities)
Albania
Matura Shtetërore – required for entry to some Albanian universities
Australia[edit]
STAT – Special Tertiary Admissions Test, aptitude test for non–school leavers
UMAT – Undergraduate Medical Admissions Test, required for undergraduate entry to many Australian and New Zealand undergraduate–entry medical and dental schools
GAMSAT – Graduate Australian Medical School Admissions Test, required for graduate entry to many Australian graduate–entry medical and dental schools
International Student Admissions Test
Brazil[edit]
Vestibular – Single University entrance exam in Brazil, each University may have its own vestibular.
Burma[edit]
University Entrance Examination
Canada[edit]
GED – High School Diploma Equivalent
CAEL – Canadian Academic English Language Assessment
Diploma Exams — Only taken in Alberta
Chile[edit]
Prueba de Selección Universitaria (PSU)
China[edit]
National College Entrance Examination – Standard means of entry to Chinese universities
AST – Ameson Scholastic Test, originally designed for students who come from China, and are applying for the University of Cambridge of the UK, now used by a handful of UK and Australian universities.
Colombia[edit]
SABER 11 Exam – Test for all undergraduate students that want to apply to a university in Colombian territory.
Cuba[edit]
Prueba de Ingreso a la Universidad – Set of exams in different subject matters for all students who want to enter any university in Cuba.
France[edit]
Baccalauréat (or le bac) – Test for all undergraduate students who are looking to enter a university in France.
Germany[edit]
Abitur – Test for German students who want to apply to a university.
Hong Kong[edit]
Admission processes differs in institutes. For secondary school students applying degree–level programme provided by University Grants Committee(UGC)–funded institutes, they can only apply through Joint University Programmes Admissions System(JUPAS), which uses Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination(HKALE) and Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination(HKCEE) as benchmark agency until academic year 2011/12. and Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) since 2011/12.
JUPAS is not used in most non–UGC/non–degree level programmes, even these institutes still uses the examination results that JUPAS uses as benchmark agency.
Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (Last year of exam in 2011, as EAS Subsystem of JUPAS until 2011)
Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (Last year of exam in 2013, as JUPAS benchmark until 20/12 admission)
Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (The new qualification to replace the two qualifications above, starts since 2011/12)
Hungary[edit]
From 2016 all students who would like to apply for a university in Hungary have to prove their language skills. They are required to pass a nationally accredited language exam at B2 CEFR level.
The European Language Certificates (language exam)
Budapest University of Technology and Economics (language exam)
India[edit]
Admission procedures and entry tests vary widely across states and universities/institutes. Usually, admission to a university in a state is based upon the performance of the candidates in the statewide Higher Secondary examinations. These are usually given after completion of the twelfth standard/grade, for example the HSC examinations of Maharashtra. Some states also have special entrance examinations for entry into engineering and medical programs, for example the Common Entrance Test in Karnataka, or the Common Entrance Test in Delhi. Admission into federally established institutes like the Central Universities, the IITs, and the NITs is usually based on a combination of performance in nationwide exams such as the JEE–MAINS and the state–level Higher Secondary examinations. Admission into federally established institutes like the NISER and the CBS is based on performance in the nationwide exam – the NEST. Admission to the National Law Universities is based on a national level entry examination conducted annually by the CLAT.
National Aptitude Test (NAT) – Common entrance Test for admission in Higher Education Institutions across India.
Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) – Standard means of entry to the National Law Universities across India.
JEE–MAINS (previously AIEEE) – Standard means of entry to the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur(IIESTS),National Institutes of Technology (NITs) across India with other reputed private as well as government universities including Delhi College of Engineering(DCE) and Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, University of Delhi (NSIT).
CIC Admission Test – Entrance Examination followed by Interview for selection into B.Tech and Masters programs at Cluster Innovation Centre of University of Delhi (CIC).
All India Pre Medical Test – Standard test for admission to 15% of Central Government quota merit seats in Government Medical Colleges in India.
BITSAT – Standard means of entry to BITS Pilani institutes across the country.
VITEEE – mode of entry into campuses of VIT University.
NEST – Standard exams for entry to the National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) and the Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM–DAE CBS).
JEE–ADVANCED (previously IIT–JEE) – Standard exams for entry to the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs)
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY – Standard exams for entry to the ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY (A.M.U.)
Manipal University, SRM, Jain University, KIIT Entrance Examinations– for entry into these reputed private Deemed Universities.
GGSIPU Conducts CET to admission to various programes in country's capital(DELHI) in various government and private engineering college.
CAT, XAT, MAT, NMAT, AMCAT (Amity University), Ibsat (ICFAI Business School) or SNAP – Standard exams for entry to the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and other business schools
National Eligibility and Entrance Test NEET–UG, for entry in to undergraduate medical education MBBS, The test is conducted at all India level.
PAT (Planning Admission Test), APIED (Arvindbhai Patel Institute of Environmental Design), for entry into Masters of Urban Planning, Vallabh Vidyanagar, ANAND
Common entrance exam of design
UPSC – This is India’s central agency that holds all the important examinations to recruit top notch government officials in the country. It conducts the Civil Services Exam, Combined Defence Services Exam, Indian Statistical Service Examination and lots more.
IAS – Aptitude test to get selected in Indian Administrative services
JEST – Joint screening test for graduates or post graduates who wish to pursue their masters studies or research in field of science.
INAT – Screening test for the candidates who wish to pursue Ph.D. in astronomy and astrophysics. Conducted by Inter University campus of Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) and National Center of Radio Astronomy (NCRA) jointly
State Level[edit]
West Bengal
WBJEE – West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination
Bihar
BCECE – Test for admissions into medical, engineering and pharmacy course in the Bihar.
BCECE Board is the only institute of its kind in the Country that care about proxy students. At the examination centre candidates have to proceed through three thorough steps to avoid proxy.
Madhya Pradesh
MP–PET – Test for admissions into medical, engineering and pharmacy course in the M.P.
Board is the only institute of its kind in the Country that organizes competitive tests all over India for entrance to various professional courses every year on a very large scale.
Chhattisgarh
CG–PET – Test for admissions into Engineering Graduate Course in C.G.
CG–PMT – Test for admissions into Medical Course in C.G.
Rajasthan
RPET – Test for admissions into engineering colleges (Mostly government sponsored and some affiliated private) in Rajasthan.
RPMT – Test for admissions into medical and pharmacy course in Rajasthan.
Gujarat
GUJCET – Test for admissions into medical, engineering and pharmacy course in the state.
GCET – Test for admissions into MCA and MBA programs in the state.
PAT – Test for admissions into Masters in Urban Planning programs at BCHS, APIED V.V. Nagar.
Andhra Pradesh
EAMCET – Test for admissions into engineering and medical schools in the state of Andhra Pradesh
Assam
CEE – Test for admissions into engineering colleges like Assam Engineering College( at Guwahati ), Jorhat Engineering College, Jorhat Institute of Science & Technology( at Jorhat), Bineswar Brahma Engineering College( at Kokrajhar), Girijananda Choudhury Institute of Management and Technology( at Guwahati & Tezpur ), Royal Institute of Technology( at Guwahati ), NITS (at Mirza, Guwahati)and medical colleges like Guwahati Medical College & Hospital( at Guwahati ), Assam Medcal College & Hospital( at Dibrughar), Silchar Medical College & Hospital(at Silchar), Jorhat Medical College & Hospital(at Jorhat), Fakruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College & Hospital( at Barpeta) in the state of Assam.
Delhi
CEE – Standard means of entry to Delhi Technological University(DTU, formerly Delhi College of Engineering – DCE) and Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (NSIT).
Although from 2010, the CEE has been cancelled and instead both of the above listed institutes will conduct counselling and admissions via the score in AIEEE exam.
CET – Standard means of entry to State government engineering college (CBPGEC, AIT, GBPGEC) and affiliated self–financed college. GGSIPU, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University.
Karnataka
Common Entrance Test, the Karnataka common entrance test (KCET) – Test for admission into public and private medical and engineering colleges.
Comed–K, conducted by the Consortium of medical and engineering colleges of Karnataka – for admission into private engineering and medical colleges.
Kerala
KEAM, Kerala Engineering and Medical Entrance is conducted for admission to the private and government Engineering and medical colleges of the state.
Maharashtra
MHT–CET, the Maharashtra Health sciences & Technical– Common Entrance test – Test for admission into medical and engineering schools.
MPSC – Aptitude test for graduates who wish to join Administrative services in state of Maharashtra
Odisha
Orissa JEE, The Orissa Joint Entrance Examination – Test for admission into medical, engineering management schools
Uttar Pradesh
SEE–UPTU, previously Asia's biggest university but now split into 2 separate universities namely Gautam Buddha Technical University and Mahamaya Technical University. It conducts examination for engineering, architecture, pharmacy and management courses.
Tamil Nadu
TNPCEE – Test for undergraduate admissions in the select universities in the state of Tamil Nadu.This test has been removed from admission requirements from the academic year 2007–08 following approval from the then president Dr. APJ Abdulkalam
Single Entrance Examination for Medical Entrance
The Medical Council of India has determined that there will be only one common entrance test each for over 30,000 MBBS seats and over 11,000 MD seats in all government and medical colleges in the country. Earlier (till this year), students wanting to take up courses in medicine had to appear in at least five to six MBBS and MD entrance tests for various colleges and worry about problems like clash of exam dates as well as travel to distant places for counselling for allotment of seats.[citation needed]
Indonesia[edit]
State–Level
SBMPTN – A competitive exam. Test for undergraduate admissions in Public Universities in Indonesia. Students may choose one out of 3 exams: Science (Basic Test, Math, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology), Social (Basic Test, Economy, Sociology, Geography, and History), or Mixed (Both of Them). Each major in each university falls into Science or Social category.
Conducted Jointly by Some Universities
UMB – Ujian Masuk Bersama – Test for undergraduate admissions in some state and private colleges
SBM–PTAIN – Test for entering Public Islamic Universities in Indonesia.
By Universities
UTUL UGM – Gadjah Mada University entrance exam.
SIMAK UI – University of Indonesia entrance exam.
USM Unsri – The admission test conducted by Universitas Sriwijaya.
Israel[edit]
Psychometric Entrance Test (colloquially "The Psychometry") – Required for undergraduate entry to most universities in Israel
Iran[edit]
Iranian University Entrance Exam (Konkoor/Concours) – Standard means of entry to universities in Iran.
Ireland[edit]
Health Professions Admissions Test (HPAT) – Undergraduate Medical Admissions Test, required for undergraduate entry to Irish Medical Schools
Japan[edit]
National Center Test for University Admissions
Examination for Japanese University Admission – Required for entry by foreigners into many Japanese Universities
Malaysia[edit]
Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia, also known as Malaysia Certificate of Education.
Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia, also known as Malaysia Higher School Certificate.
Mexico[edit]
Each University in Mexico has its own admission procedures. Some of them might use the EXANI–I from Centro Nacional de Evaluación para la Educación Superior "CENEVAL" (National Center for Higher Education Assessment), it is widely used that the university by itself made its own admission exam due to the autonomous nature of most universities.
"Examen Nacional de Ingreso a la Educación Media Superior" (National Entrance Exam to the Upper–Intermediate Education) also known as EXANI–I.
"Acuerdo 286 Bachillerato" (286 Baccalaureate Agreement), also known as ACREDITA–BACH. High School Diploma Equivalent
"Examen General de Egreso de la Licenciatura" (General Egress Exam of the bachelor's degree). also known as EGEL.
"Examen para Profesionales Técnicos en Enfermería" (Examn for Nursing Technical Professionals), also known as EGEPT–ENFER.
"Examen General de Conocimientos y Habilidades para la Acreditación de la Licenciatura en Enseñanza del Inglés" (General Knowledge and Skills Test for the Accreditation of the English Teaching bachelor's degree), also known as EGAL–EIN.
Nepal[edit]
CMAT a standardized test taken by colleges to take admissions for BBA and BBM.
Netherlands[edit]
Eindexamen – also known as centraal examen (central exam), a standardized test taken by Dutch students in conclusion of their high school education (voortgezet onderwijs; "continued education").
Nigeria[edit]
UTME – Exam for undergraduate students who want to apply to a university in Nigeria.
Pakistan[edit]
NAT – Category I – National Aptitude Test, for admission in Engineering, Computer Science, Medical and Arts in most universities of Pakistan
Also needs MCAT medical colleges Admission Test for getting admission in any medical college and ECAT for getting Admission in any Engineering College University. www.nts.org.pk
GAT – Category I – Graduate Assessment Test', for admission in some universities, it is administered by National Testing Services (NTS)
ECAT – for admission in University of Engineering and Technology Lahore(UET)
Poland[edit]
Universities and other institutions of higher education formerly ran their own entrance exams. Since the introduction of the "new matura" in 2005, and in particular the marking of that exam by independent examiners rather than by teachers at students' own schools, the matura now serves as the admission test for Polish students. See Polish matura.
Russia[edit]
Unified State Exam (Russian: Единый государственный экзамен, ЕГЭ, tr. Yediniy gosudarstvenniy ekzamen, EGE) – every student must pass after graduation from school to enter a university or a professional college. Since 2009, EGE is the only form of graduation examinations in schools and the main form of preliminary examinations in universities.
Unified Republic Exam [1][2] (Russian: Единый республиканский экзамен, ЕРЭ, tr. Yediniy respublikanskiy ekzamen, ERE; Tatar: Бердәм Республика Имтиханы, БРИ, Berdäm Respublika Imtixanı, BRI) – students which graduate in the Republic of Tatarstan can choose to pass the ERE/BRI in the Tatar language. The test is not obligatory and accepted as an entry exam only by the Tatarstan universities, especially for the Tatar language faculties.
Saudi Arabia[edit]
Qudurat or Qiyas – by The National Center for Assessment in Higher Education.[1]
Singapore[edit]
Singapore–Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level
Singapore–Cambridge GCE Advanced Level
Sri Lanka[edit]
GCE Advanced Level in Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, A Level is offered by governmental and nongovernmental schools. The qualifications are awarded upon successful completion of examinations called Local A Levels while most of the private schools award them upon London A Levels. Local GCE Advanced Level qualification is offered by the Department of Examinations. Passing A Levels is the major requirement for applying local universities.
Sweden[edit]
Högskoleprovet – the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test
PIL – Test and interview, used by the Karolinska Institute for admission to some of its study programmes
Switzerland[edit]
EMS Swiss Admission Test for Medicine (Eignungstest für das Medizinsudium in der Schweiz)[2]
South Korea[edit]
College Scholastic Ability Test – Standard means of entry to South Korean universities and colleges
Taiwan[edit]
General Scholastic Ability Test – Standard means of entry to Taiwanese universities and colleges held in January. It consists of five subjects, namely Chinese, English, Mathematics, Social Studies and Science. All examinees should take the whole set of test.
Department Required Test – Standard means of entry to Taiwanese universities and colleges held in July. It consists of ten subjects, namely Chinese, English, Mathematics(A and B), History, Geography, Citizen and Society, Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Examinees can take the tests that are required to meet to university's standard.
Turkey[edit]
YGS – Standard means of entry to Turkish universities. (1st step)
LYS – Standard means of entry to Turkish universities. (2nd step)
YÖS – The Examination for Foreign Students for Higher Education Programs in Turkey
Ukraine[edit]
External independent evaluation – Test for all undergraduate students who are looking to enter a university in Ukraine.
United Kingdom[edit]
BMAT – Biomedical Admissions Test
ELAT – English Literature Admissions Test
GAMSAT – Graduate Medical School Admissions Test
HAT – History Aptitude Test
HPAT – Health Professions Admissions Test, currently only in use for admission into Medicine in the University of Ulster.
LNAT – National Admissions Test for Law
PAT – Physics Aptitude Test
MAT – Mathematics Admissions Test
MLAT – Modern Languages Admissions Tests
STEP – Sixth Term Examination Paper, only the subjects of Mathematics(I, II, III) are available after 2003
UKCAT – United Kingdom Clinical Aptitude Test
Modern and Medieval Languages Test, provided and required by the Faculty of Modern & Medieval Languages of the University of Cambridge
Thinking Skills Assessment (TSA Cambridge)
Thinking Skills Assessment (TSA Oxford), formerly known as the PPE (Philosophy, Politics and Economics) Admissions Test
Thinking Skills Assessment (TSA UCL)
United States[edit]
SAT – formerly Scholastic Aptitude Test, now Scholastic Assessment Test
SAT Subject Tests
ACT – formerly American College Testing Program or American College Test
CLT – Classic Learning Test
THEA – Texas Higher Education Assessment
GED – HSE or High School Diploma Equivalent; GED, HiSET or TASC brand of tests, depending on your State
PERT – Replaced Accuplacer as the standard college placement test in Florida
Vietnam[edit]
TSĐH–CĐ – Tuyển Sinh Đại Học – Cao Đẳng (University – College Selection Examination) until 2014
THPTQG – Kỳ thi THPT Quốc gia (National High School Examination) since 2015
(from https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesauSynonyms and Antonyms of disgust
a dislike so strong as to cause stomach upset or queasiness. . . we turned from the grisly scene with disgust . . . aversion, distaste, horror, loathing, nausea, repugnance, repulsion, revulsion
. . . abhorrence, abomination, antipathy, execration, hate, hatred; allergy, averseness, disapproval, disfavor, disinclination, dislike, disliking, displeasure
