(from James Madison; A Biography by Ralph Ketchum)
". . . Madison then discussed even more explicitly the "party issues" before the nation. Aiming directly at Hamiltonian arguments that the government ought to favor the wealthy to consolidate the Union, he asserted that a republican government should insure political equality, encourage an equitable distribution of property, abstain from granting special privileges, and thereby diminish the unnecessary party strife caused by partisan measures. A balance of parties based on natural and inevitable differences would then serve the cause of freedom. Madison next asserted that the British government, far from being a good example of a balance of "king, lords, and commons," in fact was virtuous only insofar as public admirers of Britain, Madison meant his readers to think. The true model for a balance of powers that would prevent abuses was the American system, with its separation of the departments in the federal government and the division of powers between it and the states. Madison counseled that "those who love their country, its repose, and its republicanism, will study to avoid the alternative" of disunion or tyranny by observing scrupulously the prescribed limits, and particularly by desisting from acts that would heighten jealousies and animosities. So much for Hamilton's programs to favor the commercial classes and to consolidate power in the federal government. . ."
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